Salmon River RCC Benthic Invertebrate Data

Data Set Citation

Baxter C of Stream Ecology Center, Idaho State University.Salmon River RCC Benthic Invertebrate Data.
JDavis.24.11

Data Tables, Images, and Other Entities:

Metadata download:

Ecological Metadata Language (EML) File

Data Table:

Name:

Mainstem GPS locations MORPHO.xls

Description:

These are the GPS coordinates of the RCC study sites

Online Distribution Info:
Download File:	JDavis.13.4

Physical Structure Description:

Object Name:

Mainstem GPS locations MORPHO.xls

Externally Defined Format:

Format Name:

application/vnd.ms-excel

Attribute(s) Info:

Attribute Description
(label and definition)

Measurement Type and Domain

Station Study Site Location Names - These are the actual study site locations.

nominal

Def	Study Site Locations
Source	User defined

Lat Dec Latitude of Study Site - These are the latitude measurements for the study site.

ratio

Unit	degree
Type	real

Long Dec Longitude of the study site - Longitude of the study site

ratio

Unit	degree
Type	real

Nearby feature Geographic reference point for each study site. - This provides a nearby reference point for each study reach.

nominal

Def

User defined

Data Table:

Name:

Salmon River RCC Invertebrate MORPHO.xlsx

Description:

These are the benthic invertebrate samples that were collected during the original river continuum concept (RCC) project. Samples were collected at 7 locations along the Salmon River mainstem.

Online Distribution Info:
Download File:	JDavis.23.5

Physical Structure Description:

Object Name:

Salmon River RCC Invertebrate MORPHO.xlsx

Externally Defined Format:

Format Name:

application/octet-stream

Attribute(s) Info:

Attribute Description
(label and definition)

Measurement Type and Domain

Missing Value Code

Site Name of the study site - This is the name of the study site.

nominal

Def

User defined.

Year This is the year that the sample was collected. - This is the specific year that a sample was collected.

dateTime

Format	YYYY
Precision

Month This is the month that a sample was collected. - This is the particular month that a sample was collected.

dateTime

Format	MM
Precision

Day This is the day of the month that a sample was collected. - This is the day of the month that a particular sample was collected.

dateTime

Format	DD
Precision

Date This is the date that a sample was collected. - This is the specific date that a sample was collected.

dateTime

Format	MM-DD-YYYY
Precision

Sample ID This is the unique identifier for each sample. - These are the sample identifications that were recorded off of the lab datasheets. Note that some sites and year do not exhibit consecutive sampling numbers. When a detrital depletion sample was taken, the first number in the column is the dome sample number. The second number is the detrital sample number. The samples with the 'a' designation are the samples used for invertebrate calculations. The samples with the 'b' or 'c' designation are the detrital depletion samples that were not used in the invertebrate calculations.

nominal

Def

User defined

Sample Type This the sample type of the specific sample - Two types of samples were identified. Invert samples are the ones that were used for the invertebrate assemblage calculations. The detrital depletion are replicate samples at the dome sampling sites, which were not used in the invertebrate calculations.

nominal

Def

User defined.

Sampler type This is the type of sample instrument used - This is the type of instrument used to collect the sample. In 1976, a modified kicknet was used. In 1977, a dome sampler was used.

nominal

Def

User defined

Habitat Habitat type where the sample was taken. - This is the habitat type where a specific sample was taken.

nominal

Def

user defined

Order Taxonomic order - This is the taxonomic order that a particular individual belonged to

nominal

Def

User defined

Family Taxonomic family - This is the taxonomic family that an individual was classified as

nominal

Def

user defined

Code	.
Expl	When an individual was only identified to order, a period is recorded in this cell

Genus Taxonomic genus - This is the genus that an individual was classified as

nominal

Def

user defined

Code	.
Expl	A period is entered in this cell when an individual was only identified to the order or family level

Species Taxomic species designation - This is the species name of the particular organism

nominal

Def

user defined

Code	.
Expl	A period is recorded in this cell when the individual was only identified to order, family, or genus level

Stage Development stage - This is the development stage that an individual was classified as. adult, nymph, larvae, or pupae

nominal

Def

user defined

Code	.
Expl	A period is recorded in the cell when a development stage was not clear.

# in Size Fraction ≥1mm or ≥500um (# per sample) Abundance of individuals in the large size fraction - This is the number of individuals per sample. In 1976, this was defined as individuals ≥ 1mm. In 1977, this was defined as individuals ≥ 500micrometers.

ratio

Unit	number per sample
Type	whole

# in Size Fraction <1mm and ≥100µm (# per sample) # in the smaller size fraction - This is the total number of individuals of a particular taxonomic group that was found in the smaller size fraction of that sample. In 1977, this was defined as <500micrometer and ≥100micrometer. This size fraction was not collected during 1976.

ratio

Unit	number per sample
Type	whole

Code	Not collected
Expl	When a particular size fraction was not collected, the cell is recorded as 'not collected' (i.e., the mesh size on the kicknet was 1mm)
Code	Not picked
Expl	When a size fraction was collected, but was not picked or identified, the cell is recorded as not picked.

Area sampled (cm^2) The sample area - This is the area of the benthos that was sampled for a given sample.

ratio

Unit	squareCentimeters
Type	whole

Habitat Notes Notes on the substrate and habitat of a particular sample - This reports the dominant substrate or habitat that was present at a given sampling location. Also, this indicates which invert sample that a detrital depletion sample was coupled with.

nominal

Def

user defined

Code	.
Expl	When no notes were taken, this is designated with a period

ID notes Notes about the old taxonomic name for a particular organism - Between the 1970s and the present, taxonomic names have changed. The name reported here is the name originally reported in the RCC publications, which has been updated in the genus column.

nominal

Def

user defined

Data Table:

Name:

Breakdown of how samples were processed and size fractionated

Description:

This is a table that summarizes how and which samples were size fractionated each year

Online Distribution Info:
Download File:	JDavis.25.1

Physical Structure Description:

Object Name:

Breakdown of which samples were identified MORPHO.xlsx

Externally Defined Format:

Format Name:

application/vnd.ms-excel

Attribute(s) Info:

Attribute Description
(label and definition)

Measurement Type and Domain

Sample Date The date a sample was taken - This is the date that sample was collected

dateTime

Format	MM-YYYY
Precision

Site Study site name - This is the RCC study site

nominal

Def

user defined

Sample processing notes Notes on how and which samples were size fractionated - This describes the sampling method used. It also indicates which samples were size fractionated and picked.

nominal

Def

user defined

Other Entity:

Name:

RCC Site Map MORPHO.pdf

Entity Type:

Other

Description:

These are the maps for the specific study reaches. The Obsidian site has two maps because two different sites were sampled in March and July of 1976. When the map spans two pages, the pages should be overlaid upon each other with the lettered arrows lining up.

Physical Structure Description:

Object Name:

RCC Site Map MORPHO.pdf

Size:

5502864 byte

Externally Defined Format:

Format Name:

application/pdf

Online Distribution Info:
Download File:	JDavis.22.2

Data Set Owner(s):

Individual:

Colden Baxter

Organization:

Stream Ecology Center, Idaho State University

Position:

Associate Professor

Address:

Idaho State University,

Department of Biological Sciences, 921 South 8th Ave, Stop #8007,

Pocatello, ID 83209-8007 U.S.A.

Phone:

(208) 282-2139 (voice)

Phone:

(208) 282-4570 (fax)

Email Address:

baxtcold@isu.edu

Web Address:

http://www.isu.edu/departments/strmecol/index.shtml

Associated Party:

Individual:

John Davis

Organization:

Stream Ecology Center, Idaho State University

Position:

Postdoctoral Researcher

Address:

Idaho State University,

Department of Biological Sciences, 921 South 8th Ave, Stop #8007,

Pocatello, ID 83209-8007 U.S.A.

Phone:

(208) 282-2139 (voice)

Phone:

(208) 282-4570 (fax)

Email Address:

jmdavis@isu.edu

Web Address:

http://www.isu.edu/departments/strmecol/index.shtml

Role:

Metadata Provider

Individual:

G. Wayne Minshall

Organization:

Stream Ecology Center, Idaho State University

Position:

Professor Emeritus

Address:

Idaho State University,

Department of Biological Sciences, 921 South 8th Ave, Stop #8007,

Pocatello, ID 83209-8007 U.S.A.

Phone:

(208) 282-2139 (voice)

Phone:

(208) 282-4570 (fax)

Email Address:

minswayn@isu.edu

Web Address:

http://www.isu.edu/departments/strmecol/index.shtml

Role:

Principal Investigator

Abstract:

The data presented here represent the benthic macroinvertebrate data collected in 1976 and 1977 along the Salmon River mainstem. These data were part of the original river continuum concept (RCC) project. Seven sites were sampled seasonally over the two year period. Four sites on the upper Salmon River mainstem (i.e., Camp, Smiley, Obsidian, and Casino) were sampled in March and July of 1976. Four sites on the mid to lower Salmon River were sampled in March/April, July, and September/October of 1977 (i.e., Casino, Deadman's hole, Shoup, and Slate). However, only Shoup and Slate were processed during the July 1977 sampling trip. Additional samples (i.e., transport and benthic organic matter) were sampled during other trips, but the data presented here are the only seasonal samples that were processed for invertebrates. Samples were collected either via a 'dustpan-kicknet' (1976) or a dome sampler (1977). Invertebrates were identified and counted. As the methods differ between years, interannual differences can only be compared based on relative abundance. These data are the basis for the following manuscripts. Minshall, G. W., J. T. Brock, and T. W. Lapoint. 1982. Characterization and dynamics of benthic organic-matter and invertebrate functional feeding group relationships in the upper Salmon River, Idaho (USA). Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie 67:793-820. Minshall, G. W., R. C. Petersen, T. L. Bott, C. E. Cushing, K. W. Cummins, R. L. Vannote, and J. R. Sedell. 1992. Stream ecosystem dynamics of the Salmon River, Idaho: An 8th order system. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 11:111-137. Minshall, G. W., R. C. Petersen, K. W. Cummins, T. L. Bott, J. R. Sedell, C. E. Cushing, and R. L. Vannote. 1983. Interbiome comparison of stream ecosystem dynamics. Ecological Monographs 53:1-25.

Keywords:

Salmon River, river continuum concept, RCC, macroinvertebrate, insect, invertebrate, benthic, functional feeding group, abundance, aquatic

License and Usage Rights:

The data presented here have already been published. Although they are freely available, the data owner (Colden Baxter) should be contacted prior to their being used in any form. In addition, the original RCC citations and datasets should be clearly acknowledged as the data source.

Geographic Coverage:

Geographic Description:

Salmon River mainstem

Bounding Coordinates:

West:	-116.2916676 degrees
East:	-114.253611 degrees
North:	45.641667 degrees
South:	43.883333 degrees

Temporal Coverage:

Begin:

1976-03-01

End:

1977-10-05

Contact:

Individual:

Colden Baxter

Organization:

Stream Ecology Center, Idaho State University

Position:

Associate Professor

Address:

Idaho State University,

Department of Biological Sciences, 921 South 8th Ave, Stop #8007,

Pocatello, ID 83209-8007 U.S.A.

Phone:

(208) 282-2139 (voice)

Phone:

(208) 282-4570 (fax)

Email Address:

baxtcold@isu.edu

Web Address:

http://www.isu.edu/departments/strmecol/index.shtml

Individual:

G. Wayne Minshall

Organization:

Stream Ecology Center, Idaho State University

Position:

Professor Emeritus

Address:

Idaho State University,

Department of Biological Sciences, 921 South 8th Ave, Stop #8007,

Pocatello, ID 83209-8007 U.S.A.

Phone:

(208) 282-2139 (voice)

Phone:

(208) 282-4570 (fax)

Email Address:

minswayn@isu.edu

Web Address:

http://www.isu.edu/departments/strmecol/index.shtml

Methods Info:

Step 1:

Description:

Benthic invertebrate field methods

Different sampling methods were used in 1976 and 1977. Please see the following publications for additional methodological details.
Minshall, G. W., J. T. Brock, and T. W. Lapoint. 1982. Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie 67:793-820.
Minshall, G. W., R. C. Petersen, T. L. Bott, C. E. Cushing, K. W. Cummins, R. L. Vannote, and J. R. Sedell. 1992. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 11:111-137.
Minshall, G. W., R. C. Petersen, K. W. Cummins, T. L. Bott, J. R. Sedell, C. E. Cushing, and R. L. Vannote. 1983. Ecological Monographs 53:1-25.
The following methods were used in 1976.
Only the upper sites on the Salmon River mainstem were sampled in 1976 (Camp, Smiley, Obsidian, and Casino). These were sampled in March and July of that year. Three habitat types were sampled: riffle, pool, reach, alcove, which was backwater pool habitat. Reach habitat samples were transects in riffle habitat that extended across the river channel (i.e., perpendicular to flow). Multiple samples were taken along this transect at varying distances from the shore. The instrument used to collect the samples was termed a 'Dustpan-Kicknet' sampler, which was composed of a mesh net (mesh size = 1mm) attached to a wooden frame. A known area was sampled at each site, which was typically 100cm in length x 45cm in width. When sample area differed, it is recorded on the spreadsheet. The wooden frame had a width of 45cm. The benthos was disturbed by hand or foot and all material was collected in the wooden frame net. As a known length of benthos was sampled, it allowed for estimates of abundance per unit area. In riffle habitat, the water flow carried sampled material into the net. In pool and alcove habitat, the net was moved to bring material into the net. Samples were preserved in formalin and then wet-sieved in the lab. Samples were fractionated into >16mm, 4-16mm, and 1-4mm size fractions. The entire sample was picked. No data are reported for the <1mm and >100um size fraction because these samples were not collected in 1976 (i.e., the dustpan mesh size was 1mm).
Specimens were identified to different taxonomic levels. Many insects were identified to genus or species level. However, other invertebrates (e.g., oligochaetes and nematodes) were simply recorded at the order or family level. In those cases, the genera and species names are left blank. Adults, nymphs, and larvae were recorded separately. As many of the taxonomic classifications have shifted since 1976, we present updated genera and species identifications when known. The original classifications used in the 1976 and 1977 dataset are included in the 'ID Notes' column. Please note that additional taxonomic name changes, which have not been updated, are likely. When taxonomic classifications were updated, they follow the classifications of Merritt, R. W., K. W. Cummins, and M. B. Berg, editors. 2008. An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America. 4th edition. Kendall Hunt, Dubuque.
Additional site notes: The Obsidian sampling site varied between March and July 1976. The July Obsidian site was located along a reach of river that is currently occupied by the Sawtooth Fish Hatchery water intake. The March 1976 Obsidian site was moved down river to where the bridge for ID-75 crosses the river, just upriver of the turnoff for Redfish Lake. When these sites were resampled in 2009 and 2010, the Obsidian site near the hatchery was used, but it was moved ca. 100 meters upriver of the hatchery water intake.
The following methods were used in 1977.
Only the mid to lower Salmon River mainstem sites were sampled in 1977 (Casino, Deadman's hole, Shoup, and Slate). They were sampled in March/April, July, and September/October. However, only Shoup and Slate were sampled in July 1977. Sampling methods differed from the 1976 methods. Three habitat types were sampled: riffle, pool, alcove, which was backwater pool habitat. In this year, samples were collected via a 'dome sampler' and SCUBA. The dome sampler was composed of a rigid steel ring that had a clear plexiglass dome attached to the top (sample area = 1620 cm^2). The plexiglass had an attached pump and portals with attached gloves. This allowed a person's hand to be inserted into the dome sampler without opening it up. The sampler was pressed into the benthos until a good seal was obtained. Then a person inserted their hand into the glove and disturbed the bottom. The sample was then filtered into a net using the attached pump.
In some cases, multiple samples were collected where a specific dome sample was taken. The first sample was used to estimate invertebrate abundance (as indicated in the 'Sample Type' column). Subsequent samples were sometimes taken and termed 'detrital depletion' samples. These subsequent samples were collected to assess the efficiency that the dome sampler was collecting benthic samples. When multiple samples were taken at a given dome sampling site, all samples were picked and processed in the lab. However, only the first sample was used for macroinvertebrate assessment, which are designated as 'Invert Sample' in the 'Sample Type' column. We include the 'detrital depletion' samples for comparison. When detrital depletion samples were taken, the first number in the 'Sample ID' column represents the dome sample number. The second number represents the detrital sample number. The samples with the 'a' designation after the detrital sample number represent the sample that was used for invertebrate assements and the 'b or c' designation represent the detrital depletion samples. For example, Slate (July 1977) sample #1_1a is the invertebrate sample and #18_1b and #19_1c are its detrital depletion samples. When no letter follows the second number, that second number corresponds to the sample ID for the assessment of benthic organic matter. Benthic organic matter data are not presented here.
In the lab, the samples were wet sieved into two size fractions (≥500µm; <500µm and >100µm). Some times only the ≥500µm samples were picked and identified. Other times, both the ≥500µm and <500µm samples were picked and identified. When the ≥500µm size fraction was picked, but not the <500µm fraction, the <500µm column is designated with 'Not Picked.' A '0' in a column means the size fraction was picked, but no individuals were observed. The abundances in both of those size fractions are presented separately to facilitate comparison between sites and seasons.
Specimens were identified to different taxonomic levels. Many insects were identified to genus or species level. However, other invertebrates (e.g., oligochaetes and nematodes) were simply recorded at the order or family level. In those cases, the genera and species names are left blank. Adults, nymphs, and larvae were recorded separately. As many of the taxonomic classifications have shifted since 1976, we present updated genera and species identifications when known. The original classifications used in the 1976 and 1977 dataset are included in the 'ID Notes' column. Please note that additional taxonomic name changes, which have not been updated, are likely.

Sampling Area And Frequency:

The data presented here are from the mainstem Salmon River. Seven sites were sampled along the mainstem (Camp, Smiley, Obsidian, Casino, Deadman's hole, Shoup, and Slate). The upper Salmon River sites (Camp, Smiley, Obsidian, and Casino) were sampled in March and July 1976. The mid to lower Salmon River sites (Casino, Deadman's hole, Shoup, and Slate) were sampled in March/April and September/October 1977. Only Slate and Shoup were sampled for invertebrates in July 1977. Although these sites were sampled for other metrics during other seasons (i.e., transported organic matter and benthic organic matter), the data presented here are the only seasons that were processed for macroinvertebrate data. In 1976, the March sample was considered a 'winter' sample and the July sample was considered the 'summer' sample. In 1977, the March/April sample was considered the 'spring' sample, the July sample was considered the 'summer' sample, and the September/October sample was considered the 'fall' sample.

Sampling Description:

Sites were selected primarily for ease of access during the winter months. In general, the sites were named after the nearest tributary or town. Therefore, many of these sites are near roads, bridges, or campgrounds. The same site was sampled in each season, except for Obsidian. The March 1976 site was where the ID-75 bridge crosses the Salmon River (upriver of the Redfish Lake turnoff) and the July 1976 site was where the current Sawtooth Hatchery's water intake is located.

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
        |___text ' '
        |___element 'metadata'
        |     |___text ' '
        |     |___element 'unitList'
        |     |     |___text ' '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'number per sample'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'number per sample'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = 'number'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = 'abundance'
        |     |     |     |___text ' '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'This is the number of individuals of a particular taxonomic group that was recorded in a given sample.'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n '
        |     |     |___text '\n '
        |     |___text '\n '
        |___text '\n '

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